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Sections Equations Introduction What is an Equation? Rules for the Formulae of Compounds State Symbols Balancing Equations Ionic Equations   Atomic Structure Introduction to Atomic Structure Mass Number Relative Atomic Mass Relative Atomic Masses of elements The Mass Spectrometer Electronic structure of atoms Successive ionisation energies First ionisation energies Electrons in boxes The electronic structure of ions   Basic Calculations Introduction The Mole Calculations involving Solutions Titrations Calculations involving Gases Empirical Formulae   Bonding and Structure Introduction Covalent Bonds, Bonding with s orbitals Electronegativity Ionic Bonding Summary The Properties of Compounds Intermolecular Forces Shapes of Molecules   Thermodynamics Introduction Enthalpy Changes Enthalpies of Formation Enthalpies of Combustion Using Enthalpy Changes Hess's Law Doing calculations Bond Enthalpies Born-Haber Cycles Enthalpy of Solution Enthalpy of Hydration The Concept of Free Energy Entropy The Four Types of Reaction ΔG and Equlibria ΔG and Rates of Reaction   Kinetics Introduction The Rate of a Chemical Reaction Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions The Rate Constant Determining Orders and Rate Constants Units of the Rate Constant   Equilibria Introduction Reversible Reactions Dynamic Equilibrium The Position of an Equilibrium The Equilibrium Constant Kc Determination of an Equilibrium Constant, Kc The Units of Kc Other Equilibria The Equilibrium Constant Kp Factors which Affect Equilibria The Haber Process   Redox Reactions Introduction Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents Oxidation Numbers Using Oxidation Numbers to Balance Equations The Redox Ladder Using Standard Electrode Potentials The Standard Hydrogen Electrode Cell Conventions   Periodicity Introduction Melting Points First Ionisation Energy Atomic and Ionic Radii Electronegativity Electrical Conductivity The Oxides and Chlorides of the Third Period   Extraction of Metals Introduction Aluminium Iron Titanium Chromium Conclusion   Inorganic Group Chemistry Introduction Group I - The Alkali Metals Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals Group III - Aluminium Group VII - The Halogens   Transition metals Introduction Electronic Structure of the d-block Metals Definition of 'Transition Metals' Co-ordination Numbers Ligand Exchange Eθ Considerations Variable Oxidation State Catalytic Behaviour   Functional groups and isomerism in organic chemistry Introduction Homologous Series Isomerism   Alkanes, Alkenes and Benzene Alkanes Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions Benzene - The Structure Benzene - The Reactions   Haloalkanes, Alcohols and Carbonyls Haloalkanes Alcohols Distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones Reducing aldehydes and ketones   The amines Introduction and Classification The Basic Reactions of Amines Making Amines   Carboxylic acids and their derivatives Carboxylic acids The Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Acylation Reactions   Spectroscopic Techniques New articles will be published in this section over the coming weeks Search Chemistry advanced search...

GCSE Chemistry Content Click here for A Level Index Learning material on this site is also suitable for supporting delivery of GCSE courses, subscriptions to the Chemistry section of examstutor.com can be purchased with CurriculumOnline e Learning Credits. We have produced the following index, based on the current GCSE Chemistry syllabus, to guide you directly to these resources   Solids, liquids and gases choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Grouping materials   Properties of materials   Changes of state   Melting/boiling points   Density   Particle theory   Gas pressure and diffusion   Colloids   Atoms and molecules choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Atomic structure   Nucleus: protons, neutrons   Electrons - generally   Role of electrons in reactions   Bonding - generally   Covalent bonds   Ionic bonds   Atoms - generally   Molecules - generally   Isotopes   Mass number/atomic number   Elements, compounds and mixtures choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Periodic table   Elements   Noble gases   Alkali metals   Halogens   Transition metals   Compounds - generally   Mixtures   Separation - generally   Filtration   Distillation   Chromatography   Patterns in properties of elements   Fractional distillation   Changing materials choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Solubility   Chemical changes   Burning   Water cycle   Obtaining & using materials choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Fossil resources/feul   Hydrocarbons   Plastics/polymers   Metals - generally   Extraction of metal from ore   Electrolysis   Nitrogenous fertilizers   Non-metals - generally   Industrial processes   Chemicals from salt   Chemical reactions choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Acids, alkalis & bases   Oxidation & reduction   Thermal decomposition   Enzymes   Equations and formulae   Conservation of mass   Reversible reactions   Reactions with metals   Displacement reactions   Reactivity series   Reaction rates   Catalysts   Exothermic/endothermic   Patterns in reactions   Neutralisation   Salt formation   Addition reactions   Relative atomic/formula mass   Qualitative chemistry   Quantitative chemistry   Titration   The mole/molar solutions   Analysis/identification tests   Hard and soft water   Chemistry of water   Organic chemistry choose a topic from below to find more specific resources...   Biotechnology   Organic chemistry - generally   Homologous series   Isomers   Alkanes   Alkenes   Alcohols   Carbohydrates, proteins and fats

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