A level Chemistry exam revision resources



Chemistry StudyRoom


 
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Sample Study Room Articles  Rules for the Formulae of Compounds
 

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  Unit 1 Equations

 

  1 Introduction to Equations

Study room item 1 Equations - Introduction

  2 What is an Equation?

Study room item 1 What is an Equation ?

  3 Rules for the Formulae of Compounds

Study room item 1 Rules for the Formulae of Compounds

  4 State Symbols

Study room item 1 State Symbols

  5 Balancing Equations

Study room item 1 Balancing Equations

  6 Ionic Equations

Study room item 1 Ionic Equations
 
 

  Unit 2 Atomic Structure

 

  1 Introduction to Atomic Structure

Study room item 1 Atomic structure - Introduction

  2 Mass Number

Study room item 1 Mass number

  3 Relative Atomic Mass

Study room item 1 Relative atomic mass

  4 Relative Atomic Masses of elements

Study room item 1 Relative atomic masses of elements

  5 The Mass Spectrometer

Study room item 1 The mass spectrometer.

  6 Electronic structure of atoms

Study room item 1 Electronic structure of atoms

  7 Sucessive ionisation energies

Study room item 1 Successive ionisation energies

  8 First ionisation energies

Study room item 1 First ionisation energies
Study room item 2 Principal Quantum Levels

  9 Electrons in boxes

Study room item 1 Electrons in boxes

  10 Electronic structure of ions

Study room item 1 The electronic structure of ions
 
 

  Unit 3 Basic Calculations

 

  1 Introduction to Basic Calculations

Study room item 1 Basic Calculations - Introduction

  2 The Mole

Study room item 1 The Mole

  3 Calculations involving Solutions

Study room item 1 Calculations involving Solutions

  4 Titrations

Study room item 1 Titrations

  5 Calculations involving Gases

Study room item 1 Calculations involving Gases - Introduction
Study room item 2 The Ideal Gas Equation pV = nRT

  6 Empirical Formulae

Study room item 1 Empirical Formulae
 
 

  Unit 4 Bonding and Structure

 

  1 Introduction to Bonding

Study room item 1 Bonding - Introduction

  2 Covalent Bonds

Study room item 1 Covalent Bonds, Bonding with s orbitals
Study room item 2 Electron Density

  3 Electronegativity

Study room item 1 Electronegativity

  4 Ionic Bonding

Study room item 1 Ionic Bonding

  5 Summary

Study room item 1 Bonding - Summary

  6 The Properties of Compounds

Study room item 1 Covalent Materials
Study room item 2 Giant Molecules
Study room item 3 Ionic Compounds

  7 Intermolecular Forces

Study room item 1 Intermolecular Forces - Introduction
Study room item 2 van der Waals Forces
Study room item 3 Permanent Dipole Attraction
Study room item 4 Hydrogen Bonding

  8 Shapes of Molecules

Study room item 1 Shapes of Molecules
 
 

  Unit 5 Thermodynamics

 

  1 Introduction to Thermodynamics

Study room item 1 Thermodynamics - Introduction

  2 Enthalpy Changes

Study room item 1 Enthalpy Changes

  3 Enthalpies of Formation

Study room item 1 Enthalpies of Formation

  4 Enthalpies of Combustion

Study room item 1 Enthalpies of Combustion

  5 Using Enthalpy Changes

Study room item 1 Using Enthalpy Changes

  6 Hess's Law

Study room item 1 Hess's Law

  7 Doing calculations

Study room item 1 Doing calculations

  8 Bond Enthalpies

Study room item 1 Bond Enthalpies

  9 Born-Haber Cycles

Study room item 1 Born-Haber Cycles
Study room item 2 Doing Questions - What you need to do
Study room item 3 Things to understand about Ionic Compounds

  10 Enthalpy of Solution

Study room item 1 Enthalpy of Solution

  11 Enthalpy of Hydration

Study room item 1 Enthalpy of Hydration

  12 The Concept of Free Energy

Study room item 1 The Concept of Free Energy

  13 Entropy

Study room item 1 Entropy
Study room item 2 The Free Energy of an Explosive

  14 The Four Types of Reaction

Study room item 1 The Four Types of Reaction
Study room item 2 Reactions which are always Feasible
Study room item 3 Reactions which are never Feasible
Study room item 4 Reactions that are sometimes Feasible have ÄG = 0 at some Temperature

  15 ÄG and Equlibria

Study room item 1 ÄG and Equlibria

  16 ÄG and Rates of Reaction

Study room item 1 ÄG and Rates of Reaction
 
 

  Unit 6 Kinetics

 

  1 Introduction to Kinetics

Study room item 1 Kinetics - Introduction

  2 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction

Study room item 1 Time and Rate
Study room item 2 When do Chemical Reactions Happen ?
Study room item 3 Following the Rate of Chemical Reactions

  3 Factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction

Study room item 1 Factors affecting the Rate of Chemical Reactions
Study room item 2 Temperature
Study room item 3 Concentration
Study room item 4 Surface Area
Study room item 5 Catalysis

  4 The Rate Constant

Study room item 1 The Rate Constant

  5 Determining Orders and Rate Constants

Study room item 1 Determining Orders and Rate Constants
Study room item 2 The Overall Order of Reaction

  6 Units of the Rate Constant

Study room item 1 Units of the Rate Constant
 
 

  Unit 7 Equilibria

 

  1 Introduction to Equilibria

Study room item 1 Equilibria - Introduction

  2 Reversible Reactions

Study room item 1 Reversible Reactions

  3 Dynamic Equilibrium

Study room item 1 Dynamic Equilibrium

  4 The Position of an Equilibrium

Study room item 1 The Position of an Equilibrium

  5 Equilibrium Constant Kc

Study room item 1 Equilibrium Constant Kc

  6 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant, Kc

Study room item 1 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant, Kc

  8 The Units of Kc

Study room item 1 The Units of Kc

  9 Other Equilibria

Study room item 1 Other Equilibria

  10 The Equilibrium Constant Kp

Study room item 1 The Equilibrium Constant Kp
Study room item 2 Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
Study room item 3 Mole Fractions
Study room item 4 The Equilibrium Constant Kp

  11 Factors which Affect Equilibria

Study room item 1 Factors which Affect Equilibria - Introduction
Study room item 2 Le Chateliers Principle
Study room item 3 Constraints that Favour the Rate of the Forward Reaction - Concentration
Study room item 4 Constraints that Favour the Rate of the Forward Reaction - Temperature
Study room item 5 Constraints that Favour the Rate of the Forward Reaction - Pressure
Study room item 6 Constraints that Favour the Rate of the Forward Reaction - Catalysis
Study room item 7 What do I Have to Know?

  12 The Haber Process

Study room item 1 The Haber Process
 
 

  Unit 8 Redox Reactions

 

  1 Introduction to Redox Reactions

Study room item 1 Redox Reactions - Introduction

  2 Oxidising Agents and Reducing Agents

Study room item 1 Oxidising agents and reducing agents

  3 Oxidation Numbers

Study room item 1 Oxidation Numbers

  4 Using Oxidation Numbers to Balance Equations

Study room item 1 Using Oxidation Numbers to Balance Equations

  5 The Redox Ladder

Study room item 1 The Redox Ladder

  6 Using Standard Electrode Potentials, Eè

Study room item 1 Using Standard Electrode Potentials, Eè

  7 The Standard Hydrogen Electrode

Study room item 1 The Standard Hydrogen Electrode

  8 Cell Conventions

Study room item 1 Cell Conventions
 
 

  Unit 9 Periodicity

 

  1 Introduction to Periodicity

Study room item 1 Periodicity - Introduction

  2 Melting Points

Study room item 1 Melting points

  3 First Ionisation Energy

Study room item 1 First ionisation energy

  4 Atomic and Ionic Radii

Study room item 1 Atomic and ionic radii

  5 Electronegativity

Study room item 1 Electronegativity

  6 Electrical Conductivity

Study room item 1 Electrical Conductivity

  7 The Oxides and Chlorides of the Third Period

Study room item 1 The Oxides and Chlorides of the Third Period
 
 

  Unit 10 Extraction of Metals

 

  1 Introduction to Extraction of Metals

Study room item 1 The Extraction of metals - Introduction

  2 Aluminium

Study room item 1 Aluminium - Introduction
Study room item 2 The Reactions
Study room item 3 The uses of aluminium

  3 Iron

Study room item 1 Iron - Introduction
Study room item 2 The Reactions
Study room item 3 The manufacture of steel

  4 Titanium

Study room item 1 Titanium - Introduction
Study room item 2 The Reactions
Study room item 3 Uses - Titanium

  5 Chromium

Study room item 1 Chromium - Introduction
Study room item 2 The Reactions
Study room item 3 Uses - Chromium

  6 Conclusion

Study room item 1 The Extraction of metals - Conclusion
 
 

  Unit 11 Inorganic Group Chemistry

 

  1 Introduction to Inorganic Group Chemistry

Study room item 1 Inorganic Group Chemistry - Introduction

  2 Group I - Alkali Metals

Study room item 1 Group I - The Alkali Metals

  3 Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals

Study room item 1 Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals

  4 Group III: Aluminium

Study room item 1 Group III - Aluminium

  5 Group VII: The Halogens

Study room item 1 Group VII - The Halogens
 
 

  Unit 12 Transition metals

 

  1 Introduction to Transition metals

Study room item 1 Transition metals - Introduction

  2 Electronic Structure of the d-block Metals

Study room item 1 Electronic structure of the d-block metals

  3 Definition of Transition Metals

Study room item 1 Definition of transition metals

  4 Co-ordination Numbers

Study room item 1 Co-ordination numbers

  5 Ligand Exchange

Study room item 1 Ligand Exchange
Study room item 2 Reactions involving chloride ions
Study room item 3 Salt hydrolysis

  6 Eè Considerations

Study room item 1 E considerations

  7 Variable Oxidation State

Study room item 1 Variable Oxidation State

  8 Catalytic Behaviour

Study room item 1 Catalytic Behaviour
 
 

  Unit 13 Functional groups and isomerism in organic chemistry

 

  1 Introduction to Functional groups and isomerism in organic chemistry

Study room item 1 Functional groups and isomerism - Introduction

  2 Homologous Series

Study room item 1 Homologous Series - Introduction
Study room item 2 Alkanes
Study room item 3 Alkenes
Study room item 4 Haloalkanes
Study room item 5 Alcohols
Study room item 6 Carbonyls
Study room item 7 Amines
Study room item 8 Nitriles
Study room item 9 Carboxylic Acids
Study room item 10 The Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

  3 Isomerism

Study room item 1 Isomerism - Introduction
Study room item 2 Structural Isomerism
Study room item 3 Stereoisomerism
 
 

  Unit 14 Alkanes, Alkenes and Benzene

 

  1 Alkanes

Study room item 1 Alkanes
Study room item 2 Understanding cracking
Study room item 3 Propagation

  2 Alkenes

Study room item 1 Alkenes

  3 Electrophilic addition reaction

Study room item 1 Electrophilic addition reaction

  4 Benzene - the structure

Study room item 1 Benzene - the structure

  5 Benzene - the reactions

Study room item 1 Benzene - the reactions
Study room item 2 Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene
Study room item 3 Friedel crafts alkylation
Study room item 4 Friedel crafts acylation
 
 

  Unit 15 Haloalkanes, Alcohols and Carbonyls

 

  1 Haloalkanes

Study room item 1 Halokanes
Study room item 2 Nucleophilic substitution reactions
Study room item 3 Other nucleophiles
Study room item 4 Elimination reactions

  2 The alcohols

Study room item 1 Alcohols
Study room item 2 Oxidation of alcohols
Study room item 3 Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes
Study room item 4 Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones

  3 Distinguishing between Aldehydes and Ketones

Study room item 1 Distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones
Study room item 2 Aldehydes as reducing agents

  4 Reducing aldehydes and ketones

Study room item 1 Reducing aldehydes and ketones
 
 

  Unit 16 The amines

 

  1 Introduction and Classification

Study room item 1 Introduction and Classification

  2 The Basic Reactions of Amines

Study room item 1 The Basic Reactions of Amines

  3 Making Amines

Study room item 1 Making Amines
 
 

  Unit 17 Carboxylic acids and their derivatives

 

  1 Carboxylic Acids

Study room item 1 Carboxylic Acids

  2 The Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids

Study room item 1 The Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids

  3 Acylation Reactions

Study room item 1 Acylation reactions
Study room item 2 Mechanism of acylation
Study room item 3 Acid anhydrides
 
 

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